The article discusses theoretical and methodological issues of adaptation of boarding schoolchildren (orphans) in the unfamiliar and unusual social environment. The need for corrective measures is due to the deprivations generated by the isolation of children. The authors have developed models of social adaptation, revealed the potential of psychodrama as a method for adapting children in a closed environment. In a small and closed boarding school community, social theater can expand social experience and improve skills of social adaptation in children. The atricalization teaches a child to act in a playful way and change roles. The child with a limited social repertoire can enrich the palette of his experience, establish dialogical relations with society. Melodrama is viewed as an effective theatrical form for the playful modeling of social situations and social correction. Values, cognitive abilities, ideals and beliefs can be adjusted. The authors draw attention to complex social discourse in the era of global communication, which, under the influence of the global intercultural environment, acquires a liminal character. Social communication becomes so dynamic and fluid that identities become temporary and unstable, ambiguous and mosaic. Therefore, the psychodrama should take into account features of modern discourse and difficulties of identity development.